Lower Urinary Tract Bladder Wash - Malignant (Cytology)

Bladder washings collected during cystoscopy of a patient with previously treated bladder carcinoma contain many clusters of atypical transitional cells containing 3 to 50 nuclei each. Because the nuclei are quite dense, it is difficult to make out chromatin detail in larger groups. Diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma, however, is based on well-preserved clearly visible malignant cells.