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This carcinoma is graded moderately differentiated (the commonest type) because of the presence of variation in nuclear size and occasional loose cell groupings. Prominent nucleoi and occasional single tumor cells (not shown) confirm that this tumor will behave aggressively. Based on CT and arteriography findings the surgeon may deem the patient inoperable, may plan a palliative bypass operation or may schedule an elective radical resection of the tumor. Radiation and chemotherapy have limited usefulness for treatment of this malignancy.
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